协康会
语素意识
语素是最小而有意义的语言单位,是构成词汇的基本元素。粤语中最常见的是单音节语素(如:蛋),亦有两个或以上音节的语素(如:朱古力)。语素可以组成词汇(如:朱古力蛋),而当中每个语素都代表着整个词语的部分意思。
语素意识是指识别词语结构及当中的语素、与操作语素构词的能力[1]。良好的语素意识能帮助儿童学习新词汇。例如儿童可以从「松糕」的语素「糕」字猜出这是一种糕点、或明白「花费」中「花」字是一字多义,其意思并非指「花朵」而是「耗用」。透过分辨当中的语素,他们能更有效地掌握新词汇的意思。有研究指出,语素意识是儿童早期语文发展的其中一项重要预测指标[2],亦有助提升认字能力[3]。
相反地,当儿童的语素意识不足,未能按照字的意思作出准确分辨,往往会容易混淆粤语当中众多的同音字(如:红、熊、洪),这个情况亦会在默书当中反映出来(如:将「电流」写成「电留」)[4][5]。
成人可以参考下列资源,提升儿童的语素意识。
示范影片
网上游戏
下载教学资源(学习范畴:语素意识)
参考资料
[1] Kuo, L.-J., & Anderson, R. C. (2006). Morphological Awareness and Learning to Read: A Cross-Language Perspective. Educational Psychologist, 41(3), 161–180.
[2] McBride-Chang, C., Shu, H., Zhou, A., Wat, C. P., & Wagner, R. K. (2003). Morphological awareness uniquely predicts young children's Chinese character recognition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 743–751.
[3] Chow, B. W. Y. , McBride-Chang, C. , Cheung, H. & Chow, C.S.L. (2008). Dialogic reading and morphology training in Chinese children: Effects on language and literacy. Developmental Psychology, 44, 233-244.
[4] Meng, X., Shu, H., Zhou, X., & Luo, X. (2000). Character production and recognition in Chinese processing: A comparative study between poor readers and normal readers of fourth grade. Acta Psychologica, 32(2), 133-138.
[5] Tong, S. X.-L., McBride-Chang, C., Shu, H. & Wong, A. M.-Y. (2009). Morphological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and spelling errors: Keys to understanding early Chinese literacy acquisition. Scientific Studies of Reading, 13(5), 426-452.